Defining global fields (fields with global storage)
A field that uses global storage contains one value that's used for all records in the file. Fields defined with global storage are also referred to as global fields.
To define global storage options for a field:
1.
With the database open, choose File menu > Manage > Database.
Note  To set options for fields in Table View, right-click the column heading for the field, choose Field > Field Options from the shortcut menu, then skip to step 6.
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For Field Name, type a name for the field.
See About naming fields.
5.
Click Options (or double-click the field name).
6.
In the Options for Field dialog box, click the Storage tab, then select Use global storage (one value for all records).
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Notes
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as a match field for a relationship.
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You can use variables instead of global fields for temporary data storage. See Using variables.
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To enter or change the value in a global field, in Browse mode, select the field and enter the new value.
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If a file is shared, some calculations that include global fields are evaluated on the host instead of on the client. The host performs the evaluation in the following situations:
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when a find request is searching an unstored calculation field whose calculation includes a global field.
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To accurately evaluate these calculations on the host, FileMaker Pro transfers all the global field values in the current table from the client to the host. If you know that certain global fields will never be used in unstored calculations or record access calculations, you can improve database performance by creating these global fields in a separate table. This will prevent unneeded global field data from being repeatedly transferred to the host.
Related topics 
About match fields for relationships