SELECT statement
Use the SELECT
statement to specify which columns you're requesting. Follow the SELECT
statement with the column expressions (similar to field names) you want to retrieve (for example, last_name
). Expressions can include mathematical operations or string manipulation (for example, SALARY * 1.05
).
The SELECT
statement can use a variety of clauses:
SELECT [DISTINCT] {* | column_expression [[AS] column_alias],...}
FROM table_name [table_alias], ...
[ WHERE expr1 rel_operator expr2 ]
[ GROUP BY {column_expression, ...} ]
[ HAVING expr1 rel_operator expr2 ]
[ UNION [ALL] (SELECT...) ]
[ ORDER BY {sort_expression [DESC | ASC]}, ... ]
[ OFFSET n {ROWS | ROW} ]
[ FETCH FIRST [ n [ PERCENT ] ] { ROWS | ROW } {ONLY | WITH TIES } ]
[ FOR UPDATE [OF {column_expression, ...}] ]
Items in brackets are optional.
column_alias
can be used to give the column a more descriptive name, or to abbreviate a longer column name.
Field names can be prefixed with the table name or the table alias. For example, EMP.LAST_NAME
or E.LAST_NAME
, where E
is the alias for the table EMP
.
The DISTINCT
operator can precede the first column expression. This operator eliminates duplicate rows from the result of a query.
Example
SELECT DISTINCT dept FROM emp